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Although not usually a space saver, a square tub fits some situations better than a rectangular one, This 3-fixture bathroom has excellent storage but is 2 only 59,5 ft. Five fixtures, three compartments. Two doors to each compartment are undesirable. Limited storage space available. Large 3-fixture bathroom. With fixtures in separate compartments, this layout can replace a second bath by accommodating more than one person at a time.

It is as large as two bathrooms but costs less because of fewer fixtures and less plumbing. Area: 2 ft plus hallway storage,. BATH I. Fig, 16 Typical details of a marble vanity-top installation. NOTE: Do not use oily putty or plumbing sealants with marble. Recommended use Recommended use Recommended use over wood or concrete subfloors in showers over well-braced dry, wood in showers over water-resistant gypsum studs, furring, or metal studs backing board on wood or metal studs.

Recommended uses for alteration of ceramic-tiled areas where modernization or a change of design is.

Requirements existing installation must be sound, well bonded, and without major structural cracks. The height of a kitchen workcounter, the proper clearance between cabinets or ap- pliances for circulation, the accessibility to overhead or undercounter storage, and proper visibility are among the primary con- siderations in the design of cooking spaces, All must be responsive to human dimension and body size if the quality of interface between the user and the components of the interior space are to be adequate.

In estab- lishing clearances between counters, the maximum body breadth and depth of the user of larger body size must be taken into account as well as the projections of the appliances. Refrigerator doors, cabinet draw- ers, dishwashing machine doors, and cabinet doors all project to some degree in their open position into the space within which the user must circulate and must be accommodated.

Standard kitchen counter heights man- ufactured are all about 36 in, or But such a height does not necessarily accom- modate the body dimension of all users for all tasks. Certain cooking activities, for exam- ple, may be more efficiently performed from a standing position, but with a counter height less than 36 in. The logical answer is the devel- opment of kitchen cabinet systems capable Fig.

Such asystem could accommodate not only those of smaller and larger body size, but also elderly and disabled people. Clearance between Appliances K Figures 2 and 3 illustrate the clearances related to range centers.

Figure 2 indicates a minimum clearance between appliances of 48 or 1 21 9 cm. The anthropometric basis in,. The i n, or 1 The standing figure shown in broken line, however, indicates both dimensionally and graphically that the in clearance will not permit comfortable circulation when ap- pliances on both sides are in operation at the same time. The range workzone clearance, aiso 40 in, is adequate to accommodate the open range door and the body size of the kneeling user An extremely important, but frequently overlooked, anthropometric consideration in kitchen design is eye height, In this regard, the distance from the top of the range to the underside of the hood should allow the rear burners to be visible to the user.

A 48 min, B 40 D F 15 min. M 30 Q 35 max. The U-shaped is the most efficient. It sometimes is closed off on one end, thereby creating a variation of the U-plan, which although small can produce a fairly comfortable kitchen, The broken U-shaped plan often results from the necessity of locating a door along one or two of the three walls of a typical U- shaped scheme. The resulting through traffic reduces the compactness and efficiency of the plan.

The typical L-shaped kitchen allows for the location of a small breakfast area in the opposite comer. If dishwasher is desired, it should be located at sink center. If dishwasher is desired, It. If dishwasher Is desired, it should be located at sink center. A triangle perimeter of 23'0" or less is usually indicative of a relatively efficient kitchen layout.

Oven Sink Range Mixing Center. For combined work centers. Space Criterion Mixing counter and base cabinet for storage wall, or work table is opposite a base The size of the kitchen should be determined electricalappliances and utensil storage. Work centers for the following equipment, cabinets, and space for their use Recommended minimum edge distance ited to kitchen work only Serving circulation Equipment should be placed to allow for to the dining area should be without any should be provided; efficient operating room between it and any cross traffic.

Range space with base and wall cabinet adjacent corner cabinet. At least 9 in from the at one side for serving and storage of utensils edge of the sink and range and 16 in at the Height of shelving and counter tops and staples.

Sink and base cabinet with counter side of the refrigerator is recommended. Maximum height of wall shelving 74 in. Wall cabinets Circulation space A minimum of 40 in should Height of counter tops should be 36 in. Minimum clearance height between 3.

Refrigerator space with counter space pliances opposite each other. This same sink and wall cabinet 24 in; between base at latch side of the refrigerator door. KITCHEN STORAGE Each kitchen or kitchenette should have 1 accessible storage space for food and uten- width w in feet, times the sils, 2 sufficient space for the average depth d In feet, times the kitchen accessories, 3 sufficient storage space for those items of household equip- ment normally used and for which storage is not elsewhere provided.

Area of Corner Base Shelving 28" min. Height, Depth, and Spacing of Shelving and Countertop. Dimension B; 2 ft 0 in minimum when hood projection X is 18 in or more, or 1 ft 10 in min.

Dimension C: not less than width of range or cooking unit. Dimension D: 10 in minimum when verti- cal side surface extends above countertops. Dimension E: when range is not provided by builder, 40 in minimum, Dimension F; Minimum clearance should elevation be not less than 3 in. Cabinet protection should be at least 14 in asbestos millboard covered with not less than gauge sheet metal 0.

Above a a minimum of sink, plan for The use of large pans, pancake flips A range of 15 in. Since the wall behind a sink dictate a distance of 30 in. Opt for the 15 in. But wall if A fan mounted in the wall is the a wider span you're taller. The if. With the increased use of such Your need for light is greatest over eiectricai appliances, their storage becomes.

A good light there a significant problem. General storage re- quires space for linens, towels, and kitchen reduces the danger of cutting your- supplies. Included in this category are self; eases the task of monitoring color changes during a mix, and so on. A workable alternative is found in fixtures installed in an extended soffit. Plan for light above a rangetop and over the sink, as well. Choose incandescent, deluxe warm white or deluxe cool white K!!

Totai shelving in waii and base cabinets 24 30 Shelving in either wall or base cabinets 10 12 Drawer area 4 5 Countertop area 5 6 60 ft 2 Area and Over - Kitchen 1- and 2-bedroom living 3- and 4-bedroom living 2 2 Item units, ft units, ft.

Total shelving in wall and base cabinets 48 54 Shelving in either wall or base cabinets 18 20 Drawer area 8 10 Countertop area 10 Drawer and countertop space shall also be provided. No room count is allowable for this type facility. W5II cabinets are available in heights of deep, not including doors.

Most cabinets are available in widths ranging from 9" to 48;' in "- 3" increments. Framed wall cabinets are 12". Frameiess are 13Vfe" deep with doors. Most are 1 Four-drawer base cabinets are available in available in widths ranging from 9" to 48? Frameless base cabinets are also deep, not including doors.

Frameless base available in a three-drawer style in widths cabinets are 24 3A" deep, including doors. Most are available in widths of 24? DRWR 22 W' 1. No Arched Door. No Center Medallion. V DRWR. L-Shown, 3" Filler included, must use to allow doors to clear.

KWCWM 1. Ranges and Built-In Ovens Dishwashers This is particularly true of the side-by-side door configuration. In addition, adequate Freestanding ranges and built-in ovens come freestanding, and undersink dish- Built-in, clearance should be allowed between the in a variety of sizes and configurations.

Some washers are fairly well standardized in terms sides and top of the refrigerator and any of the larger ranges consist of modular of overall dimensions, Accessi to 'plumbing adjoining cabinetwork, especially if a built-in cooktops providing anywhere from two to and waste lines is the major consideration, as look is desired.

The designer should check seven heating elements as well as modular is the method of securing the dishwasher in requirements with the manufacturer. Normally, a preliminary planning, final dimensions and of 30" is required above any range or cooktop, Refrigerators clearance must be verified with the manufac- but the designer is cautioned to carefully Refrigerator door swings and clearances are turer.

Often overlooked are clearances for verify local code requirements, Manufactur- of critical importance. Nate: Dimensions shown are for planning purposes only. Slde-HInged Door. Countertop or wall-mounted oven. Pull-out board preferred with side-opening door, Cabinets and Base Removed 3. Clear open space. Bottom-hinged door. The adaptable features are removable base cabinets at knee spaces and counters that can be adjusted in height or fixed at a lower than standard height, The adaptable features for kitchens spec- ified in the standards are shown in Figs, 13 and In Fig.

In Fig, 14, the kitchen has been adapted by exposing the knee spaces and lowering the work surface and sink counter segments. No other changes have been made to the kitchen, Since removable base cabinets and adjust- able height counters are not now products that are readily available for purchase, they are usually custom-made items,. Wheelchair Accessible Design.

Sir shelves overhead cabinets. Work Surfaces People who use wheelchairs and other peo- ple who must or wish to sit down while preparing food need at least one work sur- face lower than the usual in-high counter lowered counter Fig.

Work surfaces at ovens If a wall oven is installed, a lowered work surface with knee space should be installed next to the wall oven. The standards specify that when the wall oven is not self cleaning, a knee space must be located next to the oven to permit a disabled person in a wheelchair to putt up close enough to clean the oven. Even if a self-cleaning oven is installed, locating the knee space next to the oven makes it easier and safer for a disabled person to remove hot items from the oven.

When an oven with a side-opening door is used, a pull-out shelf located beneath the oven must be installed. The shelf is used as a transfer surface for dishes as they are placed into or taken out of the oven. When not needed, the shelf is pushed back into the oven cabinet Fig.

When an oven with a drop-front door is used Fig, 21 , the pullout shelf is not needed because the door serves as a transfer shelf. See ANSI 4. ANSI 4. When the knee space is under a cooktop, with ANSI 4. The controls Cooktops with smooth surfaces are pre- the standards require that the bottom of the must be placed along the front or the side of ferred by people with limited hand and arm cooktop be insulated to protect against acci- the range so that a seated person need not strength because they can slide pots of hot dental burns.

People who high and there is no knee space for maneu- and knee space should be at least 30 inches pull up beneath the cooktop must exercise. Cooktops in lowered counter seg- and should provide space to the side of the extreme care and cool hot foods before ments with knee space below allow some cooktop for utensils and maneuvering. An moving them. It is difficult to develop precise formulas TABLE 1 Library Shelving: Volumes per Linear Foot of Shelf Based on Subject by which to design residential library Standard stack section 3 ft wide x 7H ft high with 7 shelves shelving or to project the number of books that can be accommodated on a unit base Volumes per foot Volumes per single.

Subject of shelf face section. The size of books, the types of books and Art excluding oversize 7 other reading materials, the reach limita- Nonfiction 8 tions of the user, etc. Economics 8 It is possible, however, for preliminary Fiction 8 planning purposes, to apply the broad General literature 7 guidelines indicated in Figs, 1 to 3, Seven History 7 volumes per foot of shelving can be used Law 4 84 as a rule-of-thumb to project capacity.

The Medical 5 height of the highest shelf above the floor should be limited to between 78 and 81 in; Periodicals, bound 5 24 in is the minimum height above the Public documents 5 floor to gain access to a shelf without Technical and scientific 6 squatting.

Limitations for shelving to serve children will differ and are indicated in Fig. Average for overall estimating But if interiors are planned to accommodate large units of equipment such as that required for table tennis, and provide necessary playing clear- ances, spaces will be adequate for many other uses as well. Dimensions of game equipment and floor areas required for its use are both subject to variation.

Sizes noted here are comfortable averages, not absolute minima. Clearances for playing bridge. S, commercial standard 5 x 10 U. Fig, 3 Arrangement of Ironing equipment based on flow of work, Fig. Space around Ironing board. Home laundry includes the processes from Work Total floor area, in sorting through ironing of clothes and house- Type and size of equipment Auxiliary equipment area, in Width Depth hold linens, including pretreating, washing, Stacked arrangement: washer, Basket, in 43 x 37 43 63 drying, and sprinkling.

Planning Suggestions 26 x 26 in; dryer, 31 x 26 in diameter 1 It is desirable to plan space for specific. Straight-line arrangement: Basket, in 36 x 66 62 66 laundry processes, washer, 26 x 26 in; dryer, diameter 2. Moistureproof surfaces are needed for 31 x 26 in pretreating and sprinkling of clothes, 3. Drying areas should be accessible for use under all climatic conditions, 4. To control moisture in the room, dryers Figures 1 and 2 illustratearrangements of space under the counters has been used for should be located to permit venting to the laundry equipment.

Space needed by a sin- bins, one for soiled clothing and the other for outside of the house, gle worker in front of equipment or between dry, clean articles that require further treat- 5. Adequate storage for washing equip- equipment placed opposite is indicated. Additional coun- ment and supplies should be located near the Overall dimensions of areas will vary with ter space can be provided by the tops of the place of first use.

No dryer and washer, depending upon the type 6. In locating the washing equipment con- plumbing, and dryer vent connections, The would complement each arrangement. In sideration should be given to convenience of space required will depend on the type of this cabinet, an ironing board, iron, mops, and inter-related household activities, distances installation used. Scale If the space in front of the automatic washer and dryer Is a corridor, this dimension should be increased to at least mm 4 ft , This will permit a second person to pass through when someone is doing the laundry.

If a washer and dryer are located opposite each other, this dimension should also be mm 4 ft. I V Fig. The laundry area may be separate or combined with the bathroom, the kitchen, the utility space, or the corridor. The most frequently mentioned advantages and disadvantages of these various options are listed below.

Advantages A separatespace can be used for other activitiessuch as sewing and hobbies, if it is large enough. Clothes may be hung for air drying without interfering with other household activities. Noise from laundry appliances can be shut off from the rest of the dwelling. Temporary holding or storage of clothing to be washed or ironed is made easier. Disadvantages Providing this extra room increases the cost of the dwelling.

DRYER room. Fioor and waii finishes in bathrooms are usually resistant to high humidities. Usually, additional plumbing costs are minimal.

The bathroom sink may be used for hand washing. Mechanical ventilation can be provided economically for both functions. Disadvantages A bathroom will usually accommodate only washing and drying facilities. Other laundry related activities such as ironing, will have to be carried out elsewhere in the dwelling. Occupants may wish to use the bathroom when laundry is being washed or dried. Laundry in Combination with Kitchen Advantages Suitable in housing for young families because the person doing the laundry can keep an eye on the washing machine while doing other jobs and supervising the children.

Direct access to the outside for clothes drying is likely to be easier than from laun- dries located in a basement or on a second storey Kitchen sinks are usually sizeable and can be used for laundering. Additional plumbing costs are usually small. Disadvantages Danger of cross-contamination through the handling of dirty washing during food preparation.

Grease and cooking smells can be passed on to clean clothes. Noise generated by running appliances cannot easily be shut off from the rest of the dwelling.

Space In Basement Advantages Generally as much space as needed can be provided. Noise generated by running appliances can be easily shut off from the rest of the dwelling. Disadvantages Laundry must be carried up and down although automatic dryers have eased stairs, the problem of carrying heavy baskets of damp clothes to outdoor clotheslines.

Advantages The space is used more economically Fig. The space above the appliances may be used as a linen closet. The appliances can be hidden from sight when they are not in use; they can be recessed into the wall and enclosed with doors. Disadvantages Noise generated by running appliances cannot be easily shut off from the rest of the dwelling. An alcove adjacent to a corridor will accommodate only a minimum-sized laundry area. Other laundry related activities, such as ironing, will have to be carried out elsewhere in the dwelling.

The sequence of laundering operations de- termines the planning of space and facilities and the placing of equipment. Convenience and time-and-step saving are easily achieved by placing the elements in their natural order of use: 1 clothes chute with or without bins or hampers , 2 sorting table or coun- ter, 3 washing machine, 4 laundry trays, 5 dryer; 6 ironer or mangle, 7 ironing board, 8 rack, "horse," or table for finished laundry In addition, storage closet or cab- inets will be necessary for soaps, powders, bluing, bleaches, starch, basket, clothespins, iron, etc.

An area especially planned for sewing, Dimensions, in. Working surface 2. Most houses need storage space for Length 56 72 sewing materials and equipment. The amount and kind of storage required varies Width according to the quality and frequency of Table, free-standing 28 36 sewing. Table obstructed on one side 28 32 3.

A minimum sewing area should include Height range 36 median the machine, auxiliary work surfaces, a chair Clearance for worker 18 24 that permits freedom of motion, and storage arrangements.

Viewing in mirror: 4. Width 16 18 5. Light should be adequate for the Length 42 60 activity. Top to floor 70 72 Clearance in front of mirror ft.

CLO T J. Figures 1 and 2 show the vertical clear- ances related to male and female closet and storage facilities. Wherever possible or prac- the closet shelf should be located within tical, human reach. The height shown for the high shelf has been established based on fifth percentile male and female data in order to place it within reach of individuals of smaller body size.

Any shelf located at a greater distance should be used primarily for storage that requires only Infrequent access. The location of the shelf just above the rod is Lengths. The Reach. Figure 3 illustrates two various types of Comfortable.

Undoubtably, it can be argued that the in, or The degree to which this dimension can be reduced is a question of the ievei of Also. The two drawings of the plan view of the human figure illustrate clearances required for don- ning a coat or putting on a pair of stockings.

Fig, 1 Closet and storage facilities: male, Fig. A wider access space within the children's clothing. Three closet may be used as a dressing area. The rod, and another shelf may be located 12" accessible rod length is equal to the width of higher Shelves higher than the rod may also the door opening plus 6" on each side.

A fluorescent fixture over the door is recommended for lighting a closet. Deluxe cool white tubes match daylight for selecting clothes. This requires less wall space than a full 24" by 60" front opening. For single-occupancy bedrooms: 24" by 36" For closet at entrance to house: 24" by 24" A more desirable front-to-back depth would be 28" for bedroom closets and 30" for entrance closets to accommodate bulky outer garments.

This diagram shows dimensions for rods, shelves, and drawers to hold underwear, sweaters, shoes, hats, purses, and ties. Research shows that each person needs at least 48 inches of rod space for hanging clothing.

Allowance Allowance per garment, per garment, Men's garments in Women's garments in. Heavy jackets and coats 3 Coats and jackets: Medium-weight jackets, coats, and raincoats 2 Heavy 3 Sweaters, light-weight jackets, and raincoats 1 Medium 2 Work pants: Light 1. Suit jackets, other jackets, shirts Blouses, jackets Trousers; Skirts, medium and short coats Folded over hanger Dresses, long coats, short robes FuJ!

CPU- II. Optional Optional full-height m baskets and door door storage rack. Center pole Optional door racks gives extra support. Top View storing household Make a clean sweep cleaning items just of cleaning with full- where you need them.

Storage baskets pjfttiritittttlj detergents and pack brushes, cloths brushes. Wide storage and sundry items. Single and hang with upper double hang with storage, center pole upper storage and support and shoe central shelving racks. The perfect for coats and other his and hers closet. Extra wide shelf Double hanging space for clothing, convenience for linen and blankets in shorter garments.

Full shelves with Plus lots of room for central storage unit her long dresses and allow easy storage coats — his shirts, of sweaters, boots, suits and slacks.

Shoe sports equipment, racks on both sides. Tailor-made for couples with a 2nd bedroom. Double hanging with lower hang with shoe rack shelving height.

Slid- and off-center pole ing basket system support. Plenty room. Extra low- of storage space hanging shelf makes for footballs, beach it easy for kids to equipment, basket- reach. Stores toys and balls, skates and sports equipment in other cumbersome easy-access sliding items. Doubles as baskets. Shoe rack storage area for keeps sneakers and dresses and coats. The perfect K. Full- clothing with care. Off-center and small cases. Shelves, shoe racks and generous hang- ing space lets guests Wall Dimension know they're welcome.

Door Opening Door Opening. Single hang Walk-In. Top View Tbp View Keeps shoes, shirts Hang dresses and and clothing neatly coats on one side, organized. Sliding and shorter gar- suits baskets for easy ments on the other. Full- actually replaces a length clothes storage piece of furniture in for dresses, shirts the master bedroom!

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